## Basics of Profit and Loss-Part1

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## Profit and Loss

### Basic Definitions and Formulas

• Cost price (C.P.): Buying price.
• Selling price (S.P.): sales Price.
• Profit/Gain: If the selling price is more than the cost price, the difference between them is the profit occurred.
Formula: Profit/ Gain = S.P. – C.P.
• Loss: If the selling price is less than the cost price, the difference between them is the loss occurred.

Formula: Loss = Cost price (C.P.) – Selling Price (S.P.)
• Profit or Loss is always calculated on the cost price.
• Marked price: This is the price marked as the selling price on an article, also known as the listed price.
• Discount or Rebate: This is the reduction in price offered on the marked or listed price.
Below is the list of some basic formulas used in solving questions on profit and loss:
• Gain % = (Gain / CP) * 100
• Loss % = (Loss / CP) * 100
• SP = [(100 + Gain%) / 100] * CP
• SP = [(100 – Loss %) / 100]*CP
The above two formulas can be stated as,
If an article is sold at a gain of 10%, then SP = 110% of CP.
If an article is sold at a loss of 10%, then SP = 90% of CP.
• CP = [100 / (100 + Gain%)] * SP
• CP = [100 / (100 – Loss%)] * SP

## Profit and Loss: Solved Examples

Question 1: An article is purchased for Rs. 450 and sold for Rs. 500. Find the gain percent.
Solution:
Gain = SP – CP = 500 – 450 = 50.
Gain% = (50/450)*100 = 100/9 %
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Question 2: A man sold a fan for Rs. 465. Find the cost price if he incurred a loss of 7%.
Solution:
CP = [100 / (100 – Loss %)] * SP
Therefore, the cost price of the fan = (100/93)*465 = Rs. 500

Question 3: In a transaction, the profit percentage is 80% of the cost. If the cost further increases by 20% but the selling price remains the same, how much is the decrease in profit percentage?
Solution:
Let us assume CP = Rs. 100.
Then Profit = Rs. 80 and selling price = Rs. 180.
The cost increases by 20% → New CP = Rs. 120, SP = Rs. 180.
Profit % = 60/120 * 100 = 50%.
Therefore, Profit decreases by 30%.

Question 4: A man bought some toys at the rate of 10 for Rs. 40 and sold them at 8 for Rs. 35. Find his gain or loss percent.
Solution:
Cost price of 10 toys = Rs. 40 → CP of 1 toy = Rs. 4.
Selling price of 8 toys = Rs. 35 → SP of 1 toy = Rs. 35/8
Therefore, Gain = 35/8 – 4 = 3/8.
Gain percent = (3/8)/4 * 100 = 9.375%

Question 5: The cost price of 10 pens is the same as the selling price of n pens. If there is a loss of 40%, approximately what is the value of n?
Solution:
Let the price of each pen be Re. 1.
Then the cost price of n pens is Rs. n and
the selling price of n pens is Rs. 10.
Loss = n-10.
Loss of 40% → (loss/CP)*100 = 40

Therefore, [(n-10)/n]*100 = 40 → n = 17 (approx)

## basics of simplification for SSC UPSC IBPS

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## Simplification

Step 1: Parts of the expression enclosed in ‘Brackets’ must be solved first. Inside the brackets, once again BODMAS rules apply!
Step  2: The mathematical operators ‘of’ and ‘order’ must be solved next. ‘Of’ means part of and is solved by substituting with a multiplication sign. ‘Order’ is the same as exponent. Powers are solved after brackets. Powers also include roots.
Step 3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain ‘Division’ and ‘Multiplication’ are calculated.
Step 4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain ‘Addition’ and ‘Subtraction’ should be calculated.
Here is an example, to help you understand the BODMAS rule concept.

What will come in place of question mark (?) in the following question?
240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ (11 × 24 ÷ 8 × 3 – 69)2} = ?
(1) 4111
(2) 3441
(3) 4441
(4) 3841
Ans: (4)
Solution:
Given expression is,
240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ (11 × 24 ÷ 8 × 3 – 69)2} = ?
According to the BODMAS, first we need to solve the Brackets.
Here in this equation first we will solve curly bracket and inside the bracket, we will again follow BODMAS Rule. In the curly bracket once again another bracket appears. So we solve that bracket first. Within these smaller brackets, there is no ‘of’ or ‘order’, so we proceed with the following steps in BODMAS.
We see multiplication, division and subtraction signs. Since multiplication and division are of the same rank, we go left to right to solve this. First we multiply, then we divide. Then we perform the second multiplication. After that, we proceed to the subtraction.
Here are the steps to illuminate this process.
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ (264 ÷ 8 × 3 – 69)2} = ?
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ (33 × 3 – 69)2} = ?
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ (99 – 69)2} = ?
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ 302} = ?
Now we have reached the end of the small brackets. We encounter our first exponent. So we need to solve this ahead of division.
Now solving curly bracket,
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of {1800 ÷ 900} = ?
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ of 2 = ?
So far we have cleared all the brackets. Now we move to the next step. We come across our first ‘of’. Here, we simply treat ‘of’ as product i.e. multiplication. But note that, ‘of’ will be solved before a regular multiplication.
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + ½ × 2 = ?
⇒ 240 ÷ 8 × 512 ÷ 4 + 1 = ?
Now, we have cleared our expression of all brackets, exponents and ‘of’s. We now move to the 3rd step. Here we perform all the divisions and multiplications. Note that these two operations are the same rank. So we perform either in the order we come across them in, from left to right.
⇒ 30 × 512 ÷ 4 + 1 = ?
⇒ 15360 ÷ 4 + 1 = ?
⇒ 3840 + 1 = ?
Now we have cleared the expression of all multiplication and division operations as well. All we are left with is addition and subtraction.
⇒ ? = 3841
Hence, the required answer is 3841.

Now, Try It Yourself:
Que. 1
What will come in place of question mark (?) in the following question?
24 + 13 – 5 × ½ of 10 - {45 ÷ (17 – 2)} =?

1.
11
2.
-7
3.
9
4.
18

### Solution

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question:
Given expression is,
24 + 13 – 5 × ½ of 10 – {45 ÷ (17 – 2)} =?
⇒ ? = 24 + 13 - 5 × ½ of 10 – {45 ÷ (15)}
⇒ ? = 24 + 13 – 5 × ½ of 10 – {3}
⇒ ? = 24 + 13 – 5 × (½ × 10) – 3      (of means ‘×’)
⇒ ? = 24 + 13 – 5 × 5 – 3
⇒ ? = 24 + 13 – 25 – 3
⇒ ? = 9
Hence, the required answer is 9.

## how to solve five digit Square IBPS

### how to solve five digit Square in less time

First of all welcome to www.job-updates.com  and we are providing all job updates, jobs information, shortcuts or tricks on Aptitude(Number series, simplification, time and work, time and distance, time and speed), reasoning, General Knowledge, as well as current affairs.

### Now we will go to the Topic How to square a number easily

#### Similer topic how-to-cube-number-in-just-5secs

First we are starting this topic we just learn three basic formula's for this topic

1. (A+B)^2             =(A^2)+(B^2)+(2*A*B)
2. (A+B)^2             =(A^2)+(B^2)-(2*A*B)
3. (A^2)-(B^2)       =(A+B)(A-B)

Now we will practice some problems on this

### Based on Formala -1

Ex:-  (102)^2=?

Ans)   According to Formula we will devide 102 into  100+2
(102)^2         =  (100+2)^2
=  (100)^2+(2)^2+(2*100*2)
=  10000+4+400
(102)^2        =  10404
Like that we can solve 5-disit number also

### Based on Formala -2

Ex:-  (98)^2=?
Ans)   According to Formula we will devide 98 into  100-2
(98)^2           =  (100-2)^2
=  (100)^2+(2)^2-(2*100*2)
=  10000+4-400
(98)^2        =  9604
Like that we can solve 5-disit number also

### Based on Formala -3

Ex:-  (95)^2-(5)^2=?

Ans)   According to Formula we will write it as (95)^2-(5)^2  =  (95+5)(95-5)

(95)^2-(5)^2     =   (95+5)(95-5)
=    100*90
=    9000

## Viral Aptitude Questions in japan & 60% failed to answer You?

Viral maths Basics rules of Aptitude

Do you know the Basic fundmentals of Aptitude ?

The question Which is viral in Japan is

Q) 9-3/(1/3)+1=?

Ans)  Before going to the answer we just know about basic fundamentals of aptitude

We need to apply BODMAS rule to solve the equation.. which is

B      -    Bracket
O      -    of
D      -     Division
M     -      Multiplication
S       -     Substraction
we need to follow the above Priority to solve

9-3(1/3)+1   =>      9-9+1                           (Assume 3/(1/3)  =>  (3/1)/(1/3)    => 9/1  =>9
=0+1
=1

Example 2:

2.  5+63/9+2-12/3=?

Ans )     first we need to apply BODMAS rule

=  5+63/9+2-12/3
IN this problem no brackets so we go for solving divisions first
=  5+7+2-4
Next No multiplications available so we go for addition
=  14-4
Next we go for substraction
=   10

Ans    5+63/9+2-12/3  =  10

## Topic:1 How to find the cube root of a number

First of all welcome to job-updates.com
Before we are going to the topic of cube root of number faster we need to learn a simple table for easy shortcuts

### Number             Cube         Last digit

----------------------------------------------------
1                             1                          1
2                             8                          8
3                           27                          7
4                           64                          4
5                         125                          5
6                         216                          6
7                         343                          3
8                         512                          2
9                         729                          9
10                        1000                         0

The simple trick to remember the last digit of this table because this table is very important to find the cube root

For  numbers     1,4,5,6,9,0 is same the last digit occurs
Number 2 flips 8 and vice versa
Number 3 flips 7 and vice versa

Now we will learn the basic procedure to solve the cube root of a number

1. Take the unit digit same to the result.
2. Leave the last three digits of the number.
3. The last step is to find the nearest cube and put the left side of the unit digit.
4. Now you will get the result of the cube root.
Now we will solve the examples of the cube root

1.find the cube root of 39,304?

Ans)  From the above procedure

1. first finding the unit digit so it is 4
2. Leaving the last three numbers   so  leave304 we get remaining 39
3. find the nearest cube for 39 which is 27=  3
4. Finally, club the answer to get the cube root of 39,304
which is the cube root of 39,304= 34

1.find the cube root of 636,056?

Ans)  From the above procedure

1. first finding the unit digit so it is 6
2. Leaving the last three numbers   so  leave 056 we get remaining 39
3. find the nearest cube for 39 which is 512=  8
4. Finally, club the answer to get the cube root of  636,056
which is the cube root of 636,056= 34

### Topic2: How to cube a number in just 5sec

Now we are learning about cube of a two digit number
Now   we divide into Four categories which is below

• Numberr starts with 1
• Number Ends with 1
•  Same Number
• Different Numbers

#### 1. Number starts With "1".

The procedure is just 1, x1,x2,x3  Here X is the Second digit of a Number

and in a second line leave the first and last digits and then double the remaining numbers and Add the now then we get result

For Example  123=       1       2       4        8
+          4       8
-----------------------------
1      7      2        8

Now  123=  1728

2.Number Ends With "1"

The procedure is reverse of above
x3,x2,x1,1 like this  here x is the first value
and in a second line leave the first and last digits and then double the remaining numbers and Add the now then we get result

For Example     313  =        27        9         3          1
+                18         6
----------------------------------
29        7          9         1

Ans  313= 29791

3.Same number repeated:
The Procedure for this  forall four we just enter as x3,x3,x3,x3 same here X is same so no issue andin a second line leave the first and last digits and then double the remaining numbers and Add the now then we get result

For Example    223 =         8        8        8       8
+         16      16
---------------------------
10      6        4        8

Ans   223 = 10648

4.Different number comes:
Here is different from all
Here we consider 1st digit as X and 2nd Digit as Y
The procedure    x3,(x2*y),(y2*x), y3
and a second line leave the first and last digits and then double the remaining numbers and Add the now then we get result

For Example   233  =   8     12      18        27
+        24      36
-----------------------------
12     1        6         7
Ans 223= 12167

## Average short cuts for all exams

Average shortcuts- part-1
Time,speed and Distance shortcuts

Basics

• 1) There is a relationship between speed, distance and time:

Speed   = Distance / Time OR

Distance = Speed* Time

where x km/hr is a speed for certain distance and y km/hr is a speed at         for same distance covered.

**** Remember that average speed is not just an average of two speeds i.e. x+y/2. It is equal to 2xy / x+y

• 3) Always remember that during solving questions units must be same. Units can be km/hr, m/sec etc.

**** Conversion of km/ hr to m/ sec and m/ sec to km/ hr

x km/ hr = (x* 5/18) m/sec i.e. u just need to multiply 5/18

Similarly, x m/sec = (x*18/5) km/sec

• 4) As we know, Speed = Distance/ Time. Now, if in questions Distance is constant then speed will be inversely proportional to time i.e. if speed increases ,time taken will decrease and vice versa.
Examples of Average on Time and Distance
Problem 1: A man covers a distance of 600m in 2min 30sec. What will be the speed in km/hr?

Solution: Speed =Distance / Time
⇒ Distance covered = 600m, Time taken = 2min 30sec = 150sec
Therefore, Speed= 600 / 150 = 4 m/sec
⇒ 4m/sec = (4*18/5) km/hr = 14.4 km/ hr.

Problem 2: A boy travelling from his home to school at 25 km/hr and came back at 4 km/hr. If whole journey took 5 hours 48 min. Find the distance of home and school?

Solution: In this question, distance for both speed is constant.
⇒ Average speed            = (2xy/ x+y) km/hr, where x and y are speeds
⇒ Average speed            = (2*25*4)/ 25+4 =200/29 km/hr
Time = 5hours 48min   = 29/5 hours
Now, Distance travelled = Average speed * Time
⇒ Distance Travelled         = (200/29)*(29/5) = 40 km
Therefore distance of school from home = 40/2 = 20km.

Problem 3: Two men start from opposite ends A and B of a linear track respectively and meet at point 60m from A. If AB= 100m. What will be the ratio of speed of both men?

Solution: According to this question, time is constant. Therefore, speed is directly proportional to distance.
Speed∝Distance

⇒ Ratio of distance covered by both men = 60:40 = 3:2
⇒ Therefore, Ratio of speeds of both men = 3:2

Problem 4: A car travels along four sides of a square at speeds of 200, 400, 600 and 800 km/hr. Find average speed?

Solution: Let x km be the side of square and y km/hr be average speed
Using basic formula, Time = Total Distance / Average Speed

x/200 + x/400 + x/600 + x/800 = 4x/y ⇒ 25x/ 2400 = 4x/ y⇒
y= 384
⇒ Average speed = 384 km/hr

## Time, Speed and Distance

#### Time and speed shortcuts-Part 1

Basics:
Speed     =  Distance / Time
Time       =   Distance / Speed
Distance  =   Speed * Time

For conversion of Km/hr to m/sec and as well as m/sec to km/hr

• For km/hr to m/sec    =  we need multiply with 5/18
• For m/sec to km/hr    =  we need multiply with 18/5
If u need clear info about conversion you can comment below

Ex:-
1. A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. what is his speed in km/hr?

Ans:
D= 600m
T= 5min
S=? in km/hr
In this, we can't do the direct calculation because speed in meters and Time in minutes so we need to convert anyone either speed into km or Time into sec or hr
•     Time = 5*60
= 300sec
•     Speed=Distance/Time
= 600/5
= 120
= 2 m/s
But this is not answer for the above question this is the mistake that most of the people doing in exams
Because it is m/sec but we need km/hr so we need to convert it.
km/hr=  2*(18/5)
=   72km/hr
2. If a person walks at 14 km/hr instead of 10km /hr, he would have walked 20km more. The actual distance traveled by him is?

Ans:
For the speed at 10 km/hr the assume distance D and as well as at 14 km/hr he would be walked 20km more So D2=D+20

Given Data :
D  =D
T  =T
D2=  D+20

Here time for the both speeds are same so we can use the formula

(D/S1)=((D+20)/S2)
by solving above   7D=5D+100
7D-5D=100   =>   2D=100
Distance D= 100/2   => 50km

## Mughal Period (1526-40 and 1555-1857 (Babur:1526-30)

#### Mughal Period (1526-40 and 1555-1857

Babur:1526-30
The foundation of the Mughal rule in India was laid by Babur in 1526
- Babur was a escendant of Timur (from the side of his father) and Chengi
(from the side of his mother)
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat on April 21, 15
and established Mughal dynasty which lasted till the establis
Brtis
rule in India

• In 1527, he defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa
• In 1528, he defeated Medini Rai of Chaneri at Chander
• In 1530, he died at Agra. His tomb is at Kabul.
• Babur wrote his autobiography Tuzuk- Babuni in Turki in which heves
• In 1529, he efeated Muhammad Lodhi (uncle of Ibrahim Lodhil at
•  Babur adopted Tughluma and flanking party system gunpowder and artillery in India excellent account of India and his empire. Tuzuk-i-Baburi was Persian (named /)by Abdur RahimMadam Bembridge
• Babur compiled two anthologies of poems, Diwan (in Turki) andPersian). He also wrote Risal-i-Usaz or letters of Babur
PLS comment and subscribe this post

## time and work examples-Aptitude

time and work examples
54) P can complete a work in 12 days working 8 hours a day. Q can complete the same work in 8
days working 10 hours a day. If both P and Q work together, working 8 hours a day, in how
many days can they complete the work?
a) 5 b) 5 c) 6
d) 6 e) None of these
55) Eklavya can do the 6 times the actual work in 36 days while Faizal can do the one-fourth of
the original work in 3 days. In how many days will both working together complete the 3
times of the originalwork?
a) 6 b) 10 c) 12
d) 15 e) None of these
56) A and B can together finish a work in 30 days. They worked together for 20 days and then B
left. After another 20 days, A finished the remaining work. In how many days A alone can
finish the job?
a) 40 b) 50 c) 54
d) 60 e) None of these
57) Aman and Raman are two workers. Working together they can complete the whole work in
10 hours. If the Aman worked for 2.5 hours and Raman worked for 8.5 hours, still there was
half of the work to be done. In how many hours Aman working alone, can complete the whole
work?
a) 24 hours b) 17 hours c) 40 hours
d) Data inadequate e) None of these
58) 5 men and 2 boys working together can do four times as much work as a man and a boy.
Working capacities of a man and a boy are in the ratio :
a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1 c) 1 : 3
d) 3 : 1 e) None of these
59) A alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and B alone in 8 days. A and B undertook to do it
for Rs.3200. With the help of C, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is to be paid
to C?
a) Rs.375 b) Rs.400 c) Rs.600
d) Rs.800 e) None of these
60) If there is leakage also which is capable of draining out the liquid drom the tank at half of the
rate of outlet pipe, then what is the time taken to fill the empty tank when both the pipes are
opened?
a) 3 hours b) 3 hours c) 4 hours
d) Data inadequate e) None of these
61) A, B and C are employed to do a piece of work for Rs.529. A and B together are supposed to
do of the work and B and C together of the work. What amount should A be paid?
a) Rs.315 b) Rs.345 c) Rs.355
d) Rs.375 e) None of these